I-Polyamide (PA), ekwabizwa ngokuba yinayiloni, yipolymer equlathe amaqela e-amide kwiiyunithi eziphinda-phindayo kumqolo wemolekyuli.Inayiloni inokwenziwa kwiindidi zeplastiki, ezotywe zibe yimicu, kwaye inokwenziwa ibe yifilim, ityatyekwe kunye nezinto ezincamathelayo.Ngenxa yokuba inayiloni inokumelana nomatshini olungileyo, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nezinye iipropathi, iimveliso zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimpahla, intambo yeshishini, iimoto, oomatshini, i-elektroniki kunye nombane, ukuthutha, ishishini lokupakisha kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi.
Izicelo zenayiloni ezisezantsi zibanzi kakhulu
Umthombo: iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Lianchuang, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Intsapho ye-nylon iyaqhubeka ikhula, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-nylon ekhethekileyo kungcono
Inayiloni inembali ende kunye nosapho olukhulayo.Ngo-1935, iPA66 yadityaniswa okokuqala elabhoratri, kwaye ngo-1938, iDuPont yabhengeza ngokusesikweni ukuzalwa kwefiber yokuqala yehlabathi kwaye yayithiya inayiloni.Kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, usapho lwenayiloni lwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iintlobo ezintsha ezinje ngePA6, PA610, kunye nePA11 zaqhubeka nokuvela.PA6 kunye PA66.Ngeenkqubo zokuvelisa ezivuthiweyo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, i-PA6 kunye ne-PA66 zisezezona ntlobo zifunwa kakhulu kwiimveliso zenayiloni.
Imbali yophuhliso lweemveliso zenayiloni
Umthombo: Iziko loPhando loShishino lwaseTshayina, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Inayiloni inokohlulwa ibe yi-aliphatic, i-semi-aromatic, i-aromatics epheleleyo, njl. ngokokwakheka kweekhemikhali zekhonkco eliphambili.I-Aliphatic polyamide yimathiriyeli yepolymer emgca, edityaniswa rhoqo ngamacandelo e-methyl chain kunye namaqela e-amide, kwaye inokuqina okuhle.Ukuqaliswa kwamakhonkco amnandi kwi-backbone kunokunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-molecular chain kunye nokwandisa ubushushu beglasi yokutshintsha, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuchasana nobushushu kunye neempawu zemishini yeemveliso zenylon.Xa enye yemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-polyamide ineringi ye-benzene, i-semi-aromatic polyamide inokulungiswa, kwaye xa zombini imathiriyeli ekrwada ineringi ye-benzene, inokulungiswa i-polyamide enuka kamnandi.I-semi-aromatic polyamide ukumelana nobushushu, iipropathi zoomatshini ziyaphuculwa, kwaye zinozinzo olulungileyo lwe-dimensional kunye nokumelana ne-solvent, i-polyamide enuka kamnandi inamandla aphezulu, imodulus ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kweasidi kunye nealkali, ukumelana nemitha kunye nezinye iipropathi ezigqwesileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ubume bayo bekhonkco eliphambili elineentsimbi ezishinyeneyo zebenzene kunye namaqela e-amide, ngoko ke umsebenzi wokulungisa ungaphantsi kancinci, kunzima ukufezekisa ukubumba inaliti, ixabiso layo liphezulu.
Isakhiwo semolekyuli yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zepolyamide
Umthombo: Iziko loPhando loShishino lwaseTshayina, “iiPropati zoLwakhiwo kunye nezicelo zeNayiloni enuka kamnandi”, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Ukwahlula kunye neempawu zepolyamide
| ukuhlelwa | iintlobo ngeentlobo | indlela yokwenziwa | Iimpawu zesakhiwo | uphawu |
| Iqela le-Aliphatic(PAp)
| PA6PA11 PA12
| Ngokuvula umsesane we-polymerization yee-amino acids okanye i-lactam, i-p imele inani leeathom zekhabhoni kwikhonkco le-carbon ye-monomer. | Izinto zepolymer ezilayini, ezenziwe ngamacandelo e-methyl chain kunye namaqela e-amide adityaniswa rhoqo. | Ukuqina okuhle |
| Iqela le-Aliphatic(PAmp)
| PA46PA66 PA610 PA612 PA1010 PA1212
| Yenziwe nge-polycondensation ye-aliphatic diamine kunye ne-aliphatic diacid, m imele inani le-athomu ye-carbon equlethwe kwi-diamine eyenza inxalenye yomqolo, kwaye i-p imele inani le-athomu ye-carbon equlethwe kwi-diacid eyenza inxalenye yomqolo. | ||
| Ivumba elimnandi (PAxy)
| MXD6PA4T PA6T PA9T PA10T
| Yenziwa yi-polycondensation ye-aromatics diacids kunye ne-aliphatic aditic adiamines, okanye i-aromatics diacids kunye ne-aliphatic diacids, x imele isifinyezo senani le-athom ye-carbon okanye i-diamine equlethwe kwikhonkco eliphambili le-diamines, kwaye y imele inani le-athom ze-carbon. okanye ii-diacids eziqulethwe kwikhonkco eliphambili le-diacid | Amaqela asecaleni kwitsheyini yemolekyuli enyanzelweyo atshabalalisa ukuqheleka kwetsheyini yemolekyuli kwaye anqande icrystallization. | Ukumelana nobushushu, iipropathi zoomatshini ziyaphuculwa, ukufunxwa kwamanzi kuncitshisiwe, kwaye kunozinzo olufanelekileyo lomda kunye nokumelana ne-solvent. |
| Iqela elinuka kamnandi | PPTA (Aramid 1414) PBA (Aramid 14) MPIA (Aramid 1313) | I-Polycondensation ye-aromatic diacids kunye ne-aromatic diamine nayo inokwakheka ngokuzidibanisa kwee-amino acids. | I-molecular chain skeleton iquka amakhonkco e-benzene atshintshanayo kunye namaqela e-amide | Amandla aphezulu kakhulu, imodyuli ephezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa kweasidi kunye nealkali, ukumelana nemitha |
Umthombo: China Textile Industry Research Institute,.Iipropati zesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenayiloni enuka kamnandi, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo eziqhelekileyo, inayiloni ekhethekileyo enemonomers entsha yokwenziwa inokusebenza okungcono.Nasemva kokuguqulwa, inayiloni eqhelekileyo (i-PA6, i-PA66, njl.) iseneentsilelo ezifana ne-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokungafihli kakuhle, okukhawulela uluhlu lwesicelo ukuya kumlinganiselo othile.Ke ngoko, ukuze kuphuculwe iintsilelo zenylon eqhelekileyo kunye nokongeza iimpawu ezintsha, uluhlu lwenylon ekhethekileyo eneempawu ezahlukeneyo zinokufumaneka ngokuzisa iimonomers ezintsha zokwenziwa ukuze ziqhelane nemeko yokusetyenziswa ngakumbi.Ezi nayiloni zikhethekileyo ziquka inayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu, inayiloni ende yekhabhoni, inayiloni esobala, inayiloni esekwe kwibio, kunye ne-elastomer.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu zenylon ekhethekileyo
| Inayiloni ekhethekileyo | iintlobo ngeentlobo | uphawu | isicelo |
| Inayiloni yobushushu obuphezulu | PA4T,PA6T,PA9T,PA10T | Imonoma enomtsalane eqinileyo enuka kamnandi, ingasetyenziswa kwindawo engaphezulu kwe-150 °C ixesha elide. | Iindawo zemoto, iindawo zoomatshini, iindawo zombane neze-elektroniki, njl |
| Inayiloni yekhabhoni ende | PA11,PA12,PA612,PA1212,PA1012,PA1313 | Inani lamaqela e-sub-methyl kwikhonkco lemolekyuli lingaphezulu kwe-10, enenzuzo yokufunxa amanzi aphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukuzinza komgangatho, ukuqina okuhle, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokufunxa ukothuka. | Iimoto, unxibelelwano, oomatshini, izixhobo zombane, i-aerospace, iimpahla zemidlalo kunye namanye amacandelo. |
| Inayiloni ecacileyo | PA TMDT, PA CM12 | Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunokufikelela kwi-90%, ngcono kune-polycarbonate, kufutshane ne-polymethyl methacrylate;Ukongeza, inozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, ukuqina kwempembelelo, ukufakwa kombane, njl | Iimoto, izixhobo zombane, iimpahla zabathengi, i-optics, iikhemikhali zepetroli kunye nezinye iindawo. |
| Inayiloni esekwe kwiBio | PA11 (Impahla ekrwada yioyile yecastor) | I-synthetic monomer ivela kwindlela yokutsalwa kwezinto zebhayoloji, enezibonelelo zekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. | Amalungu e-Auto, izixhobo zombane kunye noshishino loshicilelo lwe-3D |
| Inayiloni elastomer | PEBA | Itsheyina lemolekyuli lenziwe licandelo lekhonkco le-polyamide kunye necandelo le-polyether / polyester, elineenzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ukubuyiswa kakuhle kwe-elastic, amandla aphantsi obushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwe-antistatic. | Izihlangu zokuhamba, iibhutsi zokutyibiliza, iigiya ezithulisiwe, iindlela zonyango, njl |
Umthombo: Aibon Polymer, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Izibonelelo ze-PA12 kwinayiloni yekhabhoni ende igxininisiwe
Inayiloni yekhabhoni ende inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo, kwaye inayiloni ye-12 inenzuzo yokusebenza kunye neendleko.Inayiloni ene-methylene ubude obungaphezulu kwe-10 phakathi kwamaqela amabini e-amide kumqolo we-nayiloni yemolekyuli ibizwa ngokuba yinayiloni ende ye-carbon chain, kwaye iintlobo eziphambili ziquka inayiloni 11, inayiloni 12, inayiloni 612, inayiloni 1212, inayiloni 1012, inayiloni 1313, njl. Inayiloni ye-12 yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinayiloni yetsheyina lekhabhoni ende, ukongeza kuninzi lweepropathi zenayiloni ngokubanzi, inokufunxeka kwamanzi asezantsi, kwaye inozinzo oluphezulu lwe-dimensional, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokubola, ukuqina okuhle, ukusetyenzwa ngokulula kunye ezinye iingenelo.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PA11, enye i-carbon chain chain nylon material, ixabiso le-PA12 i-butadiene eluhlaza yinto enye yesithathu kuphela ye-PA11 ye-oyile ye-castor, enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-PA11 kwiimeko ezininzi, kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwimibhobho yamafutha emoto, imibhobho yeziqhoboshi zomoya, iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi, ushicilelo lwe-3D kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi.
Ukuthelekisa ukusebenza kwenayiloni
| ukusebenza | PA6 | PA66 | PA612 | PA11 | PA12 | PA1212 |
| Ubuninzi (g/cm3) | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| indawo yokunyibilika (℃) | 220 | 260 | 212 | 185 | 177 | 184 |
| Ukufunxwa kwamanzi [24h(%) emanzini] | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Ukufunxwa kwamanzi [ulungelelwano (%)] | 10.7 | 8.5 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Amandla okuqina (MPa) | 74 | 80 | 62 | 58 | 51 | 55 |
| Ukwandiswa ngexesha lekhefu (23 °C, %) | 180 | 60 | 100 | 330 | 200 | 270 |
| Ubude ngexesha lekhefu (-40°C,%) | 15 | 15 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 239 |
| Imodyuli yeFlexural (MPa) | 2900 | 2880 | 2070 | 994 | 1330 | 1330 |
| Ukuqina kweRockwell (R) | 120 | 121 | 114 | 108 | 105 | 105 |
| Ubushushu bokutshintsha ubushushu (0.46MPa,℃) | 190 | 235 | 180 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
| Ubushushu obuguqukayo (1.86MPa,°C) | 70 | 90 | 90 | 55 | 55 | 52 |
Umthombo: Uphuhliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweNylon 12, iLiyue Chemical, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Kamva, siza kuchaza ubume belizwe jikelele boshishino lwenayiloni, kwaye sigxile kuphando lwethu kubonelelo kunye nemfuno yoshishino lwenayiloni 12.
Isicelo sineentyantyambo ezininzi, kwaye imfuno yenayiloni yomelele
Imarike yenayiloni yokukhula ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye inayiloni ekhethekileyo isebenza ngcono
Imfuno yenayiloni yehlabathi iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kunye ne-China njengemarike ebalulekileyo.NgokweeNgxelo kunye neDatha, ubungakanani bemalike yenayiloni yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-27.29 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2018, kwaye ubungakanani bemarike kulindeleke ukuba buqhubeke bukhula ngesantya esihlanganisiweyo se-4.3% kwixesha elizayo, kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba linyuke liye kwi-38.30 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2026. Ummandla we-Asia-Pacific yimarike ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwenayiloni, ngelixa imarike yaseTshayina ibaluleke kakhulu.Ngokwedatha yeLingao Consulting, inqanaba lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo kwisikali semalike yenayiloni yaseTshayina ukusuka ngo-2011 ukuya ku-2018 yafikelela kwi-10.0%, kwaye ngo-2018, ngenxa yokunyuka komthamo kunye nexabiso lemveliso yenayiloni, ubungakanani bemarike yasekhaya buphelele bufikelele kwi-101.23 yezigidigidi. yuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka ngama-30.5%.Ngokombono wedatha yokusetyenziswa, ukuzuza kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwasekhaya, ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kweemveliso zenayiloni e-China kuye kwafikelela kwi-4.327 yeetoni zezigidi ngo-2018, kwaye izinga lokukhula kwe-compound ukusuka kwi-2011 ukuya ku-2018 lifikelele kwi-11.0%.
Ubungakanani bemalike yenayiloni yaseTshayina iyaqhubeka nokukhula
Ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo koshishino lwenayiloni eTshayina kuyaqhubeka nokukhula
Umthombo: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: I-Ling Ao Consulting, uLawulo Jikelele lweSiko, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ubungakanani borhwebo lwenayiloni ekhethekileyo bubalelwa phantse kwi-10%, apho inayiloni 12 ithatha eyona nxalenye iphezulu.Ngokwedatha ye-MRFR, ubungakanani bemalike yenayiloni ekhethekileyo yehlabathi ibiyi-2.64 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2018, ibalelwa malunga ne-9.7% yetotali.Imfuno yogcino olukhaphukhaphu kunye nokonga amandla aluhlaza kwiimoto ngowona mandla okuqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yentengiso yenayiloni ekhethekileyo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba imakethi yenayiloni ekhethekileyo yehlabathi iqhubeke nokukhula ngesantya se-5.5% kwixesha elizayo, phezulu kunoshishino lwenayiloni lulonke.Kuyo yonke imakethi yenayiloni ekhethekileyo, eyona mveliso inkulu kwimarike yinayiloni ye-12, enokuthi isetyenziswe kwi-alloys yeplastiki, ukuveliswa kweemoto, ukuveliswa kweenqwelomoya, ushicilelo lwe-3D, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane, itekhnoloji yezonyango, ishishini leoli kunye negesi kunye namanye amacandelo. , kunye nokungafumaneki indawo okuqinileyo.Ngokwedatha ye-MRFR, ubungakanani bemalike ye-nayiloni ye-12 yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-1.07 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2018 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngokuthe chu ukuya kwi-1.42 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024 ngesantya sokukhula esihlanganisiweyo se-5.2%.
Ukuhanjiswa kwezicelo ezisezantsi zeNylon 12 (2018)
Inayiloni ye-12 ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi bukhula ngokuthe chu (i-US$ yeebhiliyoni)
Umthombo: Uhlalutyo lwe-MRFR, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Uhlalutyo lwe-MRFR, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngezantsi sihlalutya ukusetyenziswa kwenayiloni 12 kwiimoto, ukuprinta kwe-3D, i-oyile kunye nokutsalwa kwegesi kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi.
Ukukhula kwemfuno kuqhutywa ngumkhwa wezithuthi ezikhaphukhaphu
Kwisakhiwo semfuno esezantsi ye-nayiloni ye-12, imarike enkulu yesicelo lishishini lokuvelisa iimoto, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-nayiloni ye-12 kwishishini lokwenziwa kweemoto kubalelwa kwi-36.7% yengeniso yemarike iyonke ngo-2018. imboni yeemoto, ukunciphisa ubunzima bemoto, ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo, isisombululo esona siqhelekileyo kukutshintsha iindawo zetsimbi emotweni.Inayiloni 12 ingasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yokuthutha ulwelo lwemoto, kubandakanywa imigca yamafutha, imigca yeclutch, iilayini ze-vacuum brake supercharger, iintambo zebrake yomoya, iintambo zokupholisa ibhetri kunye namalungu ale mibhobho ingasentla, ngenxa yokhuseleko nokuthembeka kwayo, igqwesile. izinto zemoto lightweight.
Inxalenye yokusetyenziswa kwenayiloni 12 kwiimoto
Umthombo: iwebhusayithi ye-UBE, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi kunye nezixhobo zerabha, inayiloni 12 inika inzuzo ebalulekileyo.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zetsimbi, i-nylon 12 iyinto elula, enokunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi kwaye ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla;Ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukucwangciswa ngokulula, kunokunciphisa umdibaniso, akulula ukukhubaza ngempembelelo yangaphandle;Ukungcangcazela kakuhle kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa;Umdibaniso unokutywinwa kakuhle kunye nokufakwa lula;I-Extrusion ilula kwaye inkqubo ilula.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zerabha, iipayipi ezenziwe nge-nylon 12 zineendonga ezincinci, umthamo omncinci kunye nobunzima obulula, obungachaphazeli ilungiselelo lendawo;I-elasticity elungileyo, inokugcina ukuqina phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokumelana nokuguga okugqwesileyo;Akukho mfuneko ye-vulcanization, akukho mfuneko yokongeza i-braid, iteknoloji elula yokucubungula.
Ukusasazeka kwezithuthi ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziqhuba imfuno yenayiloni 12. Malunga ne-70% yeepayipi zemoto (iibhobho ze-brake, iipayipi ze-oyile, i-clutch hoses, njl. njl.) eYurophu zisebenzisa i-nylon 12 imathiriyeli, kunye ne-50% ye-hoses ye-automotive hoses. EUnited States sebenzisa inayiloni 12 imathiriyeli.Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukwakhiwa kwamandla emoto, i-SAE China iphathiswe yiKomiti yeSizwe yeeNgcebiso zeQhinga lokuSebenza kunye neSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, kwaye iingcali ezingaphezu kwama-500 kwishishini ziye zaphanda, zaqulunqa kwaye zakhupha "iTekhnoloji. I-Roadmap ye-Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicles ", edwelisa "i-automotive lightweight technology" njengenye yeendlela ezisixhenxe eziphambili zobugcisa, kunye nokubeka phambili injongo yokunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi nge-10%, i-20% kunye ne-35% ngo-2020, I-2025 kunye ne-2030 xa kuthelekiswa ne-2015, kwaye i-trend of lightweight kulindeleke ukuba iqhube ukukhula kwemfuno yezinto ezilula.Ukongeza, ngokuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, inayiloni ye-12 iyadingeka kwiinkqubo zamafutha kunye neenkqubo zebhetri kuzo zombini iimodeli zombane kunye ne-hybrid.Njengoko impembelelo yobhubhani iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kweemoto kunye neenqwelo zamandla amatsha e-China kulindeleke ukuba zibuyele ekukhuleni, okuya kuqhubeka nokuqhuba imfuno ye-nylon 12 yokwandisa ngakumbi.
Ukuveliswa kweemoto zaseTshayina kunye neentengiso
Ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha e-China
Umthombo: iChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: iChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Imathiriyeli yoshicilelo ye-3D engenakubuyiselwa
Imarike yehlabathi yoshicilelo lwe-3D ikhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isantya soshishino e-China siye sakhula kakhulu.Imveliso eyongezelelweyo (ushicilelo lwe-3D) inempembelelo enkulu kuyilo lwemveliso yemveli, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, umgca wemveliso, imowudi yefektri, kunye nendibaniselwano ye-industrial chain ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentlangano yesakhiwo, kwaye iye yaba yenye yezona zinto zimele kwaye. iitekhnoloji eziphazamisayo ezichaphazelekayo kushishino lwemveliso, kwaye yaziwa njengobuchwephesha obungundoqo "wenguqu yesithathu yoshishino".Ngokutsho kweWohlers Associates, ixabiso lemveliso yoshicilelo lwehlabathi lwe-3D linyuke ukusuka kwi-1.33 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-8.37 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2018, nge-CAGR ye-25.9%.Itekhnoloji yoshicilelo ye-3D yaseTshayina yaqala emva kwexesha xa ithelekiswa namazwe aseYurophu nawaseMelika, kodwa isantya soshishino siye sakhula kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Ngokwezibalo zeZiko loPhando loShishino olulindelekileyo, ubungakanani bemarike yoshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina yafikelela kuphela kwi-160 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2012, kwaye ikhule ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-2.09 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2018.
Ixabiso lemveliso kunye nesantya sokukhula kweshishini lehlabathi loshicilelo lwe-3D
Izinga kunye nesantya sokukhula kwemarike yoshicilelo ye-3D yaseTshayina
Umthombo: Wohlers Associates, Wind, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Owayesakuba liZiko loPhando lweShishini, iZiko loPhando lwezoKhuseleko laseChangjiang
Izinto eziphathekayo zisisiseko sezinto ezibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lweteknoloji yoshicilelo lwe-3D.Ukusebenza kwezixhobo kugqiba ukuba i-3D yoshicilelo ingaba nesicelo esibanzi, kwaye ikwayi-bottleneck ethintela ukuphuhliswa koshicilelo lwe-3D.Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiiMarike kunye neeMarike, ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathi ye-3D yezinto zokuprinta idlule kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2018 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-4.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2024. Ngokwedatha ye-Prospective Industry Research Institute, isikali sezinto zokushicilela ze-3D zaseChina. imarike igcine ukukhula okukhawulezayo, ukusuka kwi-260 yezigidi zeeyuan ngo-2012 ukuya kwi-2.99 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2017, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ubungakanani bemarike bezinto zoshicilelo lwe-3D zaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba zidlule kwi-16 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2024.
I-Global 3D imathiriyeli yoshicilelo lwehlabathi ubukhulu bemakethi ngo-2017-2024 (iibhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika)
2012-2024 China's 3D yoshicilelo ubungakanani imakethi (100 million yuan)
Umthombo: Market and Markets, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Iziko loPhando loShishino olulindelekileyo, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Imathiriyeli yenayiloni ye-12 iqhuba kakuhle kushicilelo lwe-3D.Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto, i-PA12 powder ineempawu ezibalaseleyo ezinjengokumanzi okuphezulu, umbane ongatshintshiyo ophantsi, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, indawo enyibilikayo ephakathi kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kweemveliso, ukumelana nokudinwa kunye nokuqina kunokwanelisa iimfuno zezixhobo zokusebenza ezifuna iipropathi ezinomatshini ophezulu, inayiloni 12 ngokuthe ngcembe iye yaba yinto efanelekileyo yoshicilelo lwe-3D yeeplastiki zobunjineli.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PA12 kushicilelo lwe-3D
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi yeSculpteo, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Ukuthelekiswa kweempawu ze-3D zoshicilelo (ngaphandle kwe-5)
| Izinto zokuprinta ze-3D | amandla | inkangeleko | iinkcukacha | Ukuba bhetyebhetye |
| Inayiloni PA12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Inayiloni.PA11/12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Inayiloni 3200 iFayibha yeglasi eQisiweyo (SLS) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Iialuminides (SLS) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| I-PEBA (SLS) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Inayiloni PA12 (MJF) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| I-Opaque photosensitive resin (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Intlaka yefotoensitive ecacileyo (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| IAluminium ASi7Mgo,6 (SLM) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Intsimbi engatyiwa 316L (DML S) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| I-Titanium 4Al-4V (DMLS) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Isilivere ye-Sterling (isilivere) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Ubhedu (ukuphosa) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Ubhedu (ukusasa) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi yeSculpteo, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zeZiko loPhando loShishino olulindelekileyo, i-PA12 yayiyeyesine ngobukhulu kushishino lwehlabathi loshicilelo lwe-3D ngo-2017, ibalwa kwi-5.6%, kwaye ngo-2018, imathiriyeli yoshicilelo yenayiloni ye-3D yaseChina ibalelwa kwi-14.1%.Uphuhliso lwenayiloni yasekhaya i-12 imathiriyeli kwixesha elizayo iya kubeka isiseko sophuhliso lweshishini loshicilelo lwe-3D yaseTshayina.
I-Global 3D yoshicilelo lwesakhiwo semarike ye-2017
Ubume bemarike bezinto zokuprinta ze-3D e-China ngo-2018
Umthombo: Qianqi Industry Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Iziko loPhando loShishino olulindelekileyo, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Izinto eziphezulu zokusebenza kwishishini lokuhambisa ioli kunye negesi
Ukuthuthwa kwe-oyile nerhasi kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kwimathiriyeli.Izinto ze-PA12 zisetyenziswe elunxwemeni nakwi-offshore flexible risers, imibhobho yerhasi, iilinings, intsimbi yokugquma imibhobho iminyaka emininzi, enokuthintela ukhukuliseko lwamanzi olwandle kunye nokubola kolwelo lweoyile, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinyusi eziguquguqukayo zokuthutha i-oyile engaphantsi kolwandle kunye neemveliso zegesi ulwelo oludityanisiweyo, iinkqubo zokusasaza igesi yendalo kuxinzelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20bar, njl., ezinobomi benkonzo obugqwesileyo kunye nokhuseleko olungcono lokugqwala kunezinye izinto, kwaye zizinto zokusebenza eziphezulu zophuhliso olunamandla lweshishini lokuthuthwa kweoyile kunye negesi.Njengombhobho wokuhanjiswa kwerhasi, iPA12 isetyenziswe ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi.Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho yentsimbi esetyenziswa kuxinzelelo lwemveli olusezantsi okanye ukuhanjiswa kwerhasi yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, imibhobho yerhasi ye-PA12 inokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yombhobho kwaye inciphise kakhulu iindleko zokubeka imibhobho kunye nokugcinwa okulandelayo.I-China yenza isindululo "kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka yeShumi elineSithathu" ukuba ngexesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka yeShumi elineSithathu", malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5,000 zemibhobho ye-oyile ekrwada, iikhilomitha ezili-12,000 zemibhobho yeoli ecokisiweyo kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-40,000 zesiqu esitsha segesi yendalo kunye nemibhobho exhasayo iya kwenziwa. yakhiwe, ibonelela ngempembelelo entsha kuphuhliso lwe-PA12.
Indawo yofakelo lombhobho werhasi iPA12 eBeckum, eJamani
Umthombo: I-Changjiang Securities Research Institute, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani
Ubuhlobo bendalo kunye nentambo ethembekileyo kunye neshethi yocingo
.I-PA12 ingasetyenziselwa iintambo zangaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokugquma intambo edadayo, i-cable sheath anti-ant sheath, i-optical fiber sheath.Inayiloni ye-12 inobushushu obuphantsi be-embrittlement kunye nokuchasana kwemozulu okugqwesileyo, ekulungele ngokukodwa ukwenziwa kwentsimi yeentambo zonxibelelwano ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo kuzo zonke imozulu (-50 ~ 70 °C).Isetyenziswa njengentambo yangaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokugquma intambo edadayo, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo indawo engqongileyo ekhethekileyo kunye neemeko ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kusetyenziso lwaselwandle, ngoko ke ucingo luyafuneka ukuba lube nedayamitha encinci yangaphandle, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukumelana noxinzelelo oluthile lwamanzi, ukomelela okwaneleyo, kwaye ukuxhathisa okwaneleyo kwe-insulation emanzini olwandle.Inayiloni i-12 iyisigqubuthelo sombane esilungileyo, asiyi kuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-insulator ngenxa yokufuma, nokuba ibekwe emanzini (okanye emanzini olwandle) ixesha elide, ukuchasana kwayo kwe-insulator kusephezulu kakhulu, ubuncinane umyalelo wobukhulu obuphezulu. kunezinye imathiriyeli yenayiloni, ukusetyenziswa kwe PA12 imathiriyeli yokugquma ucingo lwesiphumo silungile, similiselwe elwandle iminyaka emithathu ngaphandle kotshintsho.I-cable anti-mosquito sheath ngaphambili yenziwe yi-PE, i-PVC kunye ne-insecticide okanye indlela yokugubungela i-tape yobhedu, kukho iindleko eziphezulu, ukugcinwa okungahambi kakuhle, ukungcoliswa kwendalo, umonakalo wendalo, ixesha elingazinzanga kunye nezinye iziphene, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nylon 12 sheath okwangoku indlela ethembeke ngakumbi neyokusingqongileyo.Ukongeza, ilahleko yesiginali ye-fiber optical sheath eyenziwe ngezinto ze-PA12 yeyona nto iphantsi phakathi kwezinto zokwenziwa, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-optical fibre communication sheath.
Inayiloni 12 yeplastiki yefiber optical (POF)
Umthombo: I-Changjiang Securities Research Institute, iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani
I-Photovoltaic, umbane, i-coating, ukupakisha, iindawo zonyango zineetalente zazo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindawo zombane ziyafuneka ukuba ziqhube ngengxolo ephantsi, kwaye izinto ezenziwe ngenayiloni 12 zinokuthuliswa, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiirekhoda zeteyiphu, iigiya zewotshi, iintambo zombane kunye neenxalenye ezincinci zomatshini ezichanekileyo.I-resistantivity ye-nylon 12 itshintsha kakhulu ngeqondo lokushisa, kwaye utshintsho lokubamba luncinci, olungasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amacandelo okuqonda ukushisa kweengubo zombane kunye neekhaphethi zombane.
Ifakwe nge-nylon ye-12, ifilimu yokugqoka inokumelana nokugqwesa, ngoko isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweengubo eziphezulu kunye ne-adhesives.I-PA12 ingasetyenziselwa kwisitya sesitya se-dishwasher entsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isitya sesinyithi sensimbi asigugile kwindawo yokucoca i-high-temperature agents kwaye inobomi obude benkonzo;Inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwifenitshala yangaphandle, njengeebhentshi zepaki, ezinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukubola kwesinyithi emva kokugubungela i-PA12.
PA12 film transparent, non-toxic, umphunga wamanzi kunye negesi (Oz, N2, CO2) transmittance iphantsi, igcinwe emanzini abilayo unyaka omnye ukusebenza ingatshintshanga, kunye nepolyethylene evuthelweyo extrusion ifilimu composite ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iphepha lefilimu, kunye nayo khusela kwaye upakishe ukutya, kunye nezibonelelo zevumba elimnandi, ukuxhathisa inzalo yomphunga kunye nobushushu obuphantsi obuhle.I-nylon ye-12 inokubambelela kakuhle kwintsimbi, kwaye xa idibanisa ukutya, ixabiso lokutywinwa liyi-100%, kwaye amandla okucoca aphezulu.
I-PA12 iphinda isetyenziswe njengezinto zonyango zokonga, apho iimpawu zomatshini we-catheter zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye i-catheter eyenziwe kufuneka ibe lula ukuyifaka, kodwa ingagotywanga kwaye ingaze iphule.I-PA12 yinto ebalaseleyo yokuvelisa i-catheter ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuqhuma, ukuguquguquka okulungileyo, ukuxhathisa imichiza, ukuhambelana nolwelo lomzimba kunye ne-non-toxic, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-US Food and Drug Administration kunye ne-European Union kwiimveliso zonyango.
Iinkampani zangaphandle zilawula ukubonelela, imveliso yasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba iphule uphuhliso olukhawulezayo loshishino lwenayiloni, kwaye kusekho umsantsa kwiindidi eziphezulu.
Umthamo wemveliso yenayiloni yaseTshayina ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iimveliso zodidi oluphezulu kusafuneka zingeniswe kumazwe angaphandle.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuzuza ekwandeni konikezelo lwasekhaya lwe-caprolactam, eyona nto iphambili yenayiloni 6, kunye nokutsalwa ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno esezantsi, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa inayiloni yaseTshayina iye yaphuculwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umthamo wemveliso ungene kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo. .Ngo-2018, umthamo wonyaka wemveliso yenayiloni yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-5.141 yezigidi zeetoni, i-CAGR = 12.7% ukusuka ngo-2011 ukuya ku-2018, kwaye imveliso ikhule ngokukhawuleza ngamandla emveliso, kunye nemveliso ye-3.766 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2018 kunye ne-CAGR = 15.8% ukusuka kwi-2011 ukuya ku-2018. Ukusuka kwimbono yokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwedatha, imboni ye-nylon yaseChina igcine ukuthengiswa kwempahla, kunye nomthamo wokungenisa we-508,000 weetoni ngo-2019, ngakumbi ezinye iimveliso eziphezulu zisenokuxhomekeka okuphezulu kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye kukho imveliso enkulu. indawo yokutshintshwa kwelixa elizayo.
Umthamo wemveliso yenayiloni yaseTshayina uyaqhubeka nokukhula
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweshishini lenayiloni eTshayina
Umthombo: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Ulawulo Jikelele lweCustoms, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Izithintelo zobugcisa zidala ukugxila okuphezulu, kwaye i-oligopolies ilawula imarike ye-nylon 12
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-nylon 12 yindlela ye-oxime, kwaye imiqobo yobugcisa iphezulu.I-nylon ye-12 idla ngokulungiswa yi-cyclododecatriene (CDT) kunye ne-laurolactam yokuvula i-polycondensation usebenzisa i-butadiene njengento eluhlaza, kwaye inkqubo ibandakanya indlela ye-oxime, indlela ye-nitrosation ye-optical kunye ne-Snya indlela, apho indlela ye-oxime yinkqubo eqhelekileyo.Ukuveliswa kwe-nylon 12 ngendlela ye-oxidation ye-oxid kufuneka ihambe ngamanyathelo asi-7, afana ne-triperization, i-catalytic hydrogenation, i-oxidation, i-ketification, i-oximization, i-Beckmann rearrangement, i-polymerization yokuvula i-ring, njl., kwaye yonke inkqubo isebenzisa i-benzene, i-fuming sulfuric acid. kunye nezinye izinto eziyityhefu kunye ne-corrosion ekrwada, iqondo lobushushu lokuvula i-polymerization kufuneka libe yi-270-300 °C, kwaye amanyathelo okuvelisa anzima ukusebenza.Okwangoku, uninzi lwabavelisi abamelwe ngu-Evonik basebenzisa indlela yenkqubo ye-butadiene njengento ekrwada, kwaye emva kokuba i-Ube Industries yaseJapan ifumene ilayisenisi yetekhnoloji yeBritish Petrochemical Company, yamkele indlela yenkqubo ye-cyclohexanone njengento ekrwada ukufezekisa imveliso ye-PA12. .
Indlela yokwenziwa yenayiloni 12
| Inkqubo yokudibanisa | Intshayelelo eneenkcukacha |
| Indlela esekelwe kwixesha le-oxidation | Ukusebenzisa i-butadiene njengento eluhlaza, i-CDT yenziwa phantsi kwesenzo se-Ziegler catalyst, i-hydrogenated ukuvelisa i-cyclododecane, emva koko i-oxidized ukuvelisa i-cyclododecane, i-dehydrogenated ukuvelisa i-cyclododecane, i-cyclododecone oxime hydrochloride yenziwa, kunye ne-laurolactange rearraarraarraarrangement ekugqibeleni yafunyanwa ngokutsha kwe-laurolactam. polycondensation ukufumana inayiloni 12 |
| Indlela yokubona i-nitrosation | Ngaphantsi kokukhanya kwesibane se-high-pressure mercury, i-cyclododecane iphendulwa kunye ne-nitrosyl chloride ukufumana i-cyclododecone hydrochloride, i-laurolam ifunyenwe ngokugqithiswa kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-polymerized ukufumana i-nylon 12. |
| Snyafa | Le ndlela yaqanjwa yinkampani yaseItali i-Snia Viscosa, isebenzisa i-cyclododecylcarboxylic acid okanye ityuwa yayo njengento ekrwada, phambi kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric okanye i-asidi evuthayo ye-sulfuric, ukuze yona kunye nesixa esifanayo okanye ukugqithisa kwe-agent ye-nitrosating ukulungiselela i-laurythromide ephezulu. kunye ne-polymerize ukwenza inayiloni 12 |
| Indlela yeCyclohexanone | Umlinganiselo othile we-cyclohexanone, i-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-ammonia i-catalyzed yi-carboxylate okanye ityuwa ye-ammonium ukufumana i-1,1-peroxide dicyclohexylamine, echithwa kwi-1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid ngokufudumeza, kunye neemveliso ze-caprolactam kunye ne-cyclohexanone.I-Caprolactam ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa inayiloni 6, ngelixa i-cyclohexanone inokuphinda isetyenziswe.Okulandelayo, i-1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid iyancitshiswa nge-hydrogen, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-W aminododecanoic acid ifunyenwe, eyenza i-polymerizes ukuvelisa i-nylon 12 |
Umthombo: Uphuhliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweNayiloni ende yeCarbon 11, 12 kunye ne-1212, iChangjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngaphantsi kwe-oligopoly, i-nayiloni ye-12 yoxinaniso lweshishini luphezulu kakhulu.Kwiminyaka engama-70 yenkulungwane yama-20, inayiloni i-12 yaqala ukwenziwa kwimizi-mveliso nguDegussa waseJamani, owamanduleli we-Evonik Industries (Evonik), emva koko i-EMS yaseSwitzerland, i-Arkema yaseFransi kunye ne-Ube Industries yaseJapan (UBE) nayo yabhengeza iindaba zemveliso yoshishino, kwaye abavelisi abane abakhulu babubambe ngokuqinileyo ubuchwephesha bemveliso yenayiloni 12 phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane.Okwangoku, amandla okuvelisa i-nayiloni 12 adlula iitoni ezili-100,000 ngonyaka, apho i-Evonik inomthamo wokuvelisa malunga neetoni ezingama-40,000 ngonyaka, ibeka kuqala.Ngo-2014, i-INVISTA yafaka izicelo ezininzi ze-patent ye-nylon 12 izinto eziluhlaza, ngethemba lokungena kwi-nylon 12 resin market, kodwa okwangoku akukho ndaba zemveliso.
Ngenxa yokhuphiswano lomhlaba olugxininisiweyo, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zecala lokubonelela ziya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekuboneleleni kwemarike yonke.Ngokomzekelo, ngoMatshi 31, 2012, umzi-mveliso ka-Evonik eMarl, eJamani, wabangela ugqabhuko-dubulo ngenxa yokuvuza komlilo, okuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweCDT ekrwada ngaphezu kweenyanga ezisi-8, nto leyo eyabangela ukunqongophala okukhulu konikezelo lweCDT. ukujika kukhokelele kubonelelo lwehlabathi jikelele lwe-PA12, kwaye kwade kwabangela ukuba abanye abavelisi beemoto bangakwazi ukuqala ngokwesiqhelo.Kwakungekho de iplanti ye-Evonik CDT ibuyiselwe kwimveliso ekupheleni kwe-2012 ukuba ukunikezelwa kwe-nylon 12 kwaqala ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ukuhlangabezana nemfuno enamandla, isigebenga sabhengeza izicwangciso zokwandisa imveliso.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nesidingo esinamandla esisezantsi sezinto ze-PA12, kwi-2018, u-Arkema ubhengeze ukuba iya kwandisa amandla ayo okuvelisa izinto eziphathekayo ze-PA12 nge-25% kwi-campus yayo yase-Changshu e-China, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqalise imveliso phakathi kwe-2020.I-Evonik yaseJamani iphinde yabhengeza utyalo-mali lwe-euro ezigidi ezingama-400 ukwandisa umthamo wayo we-PA12 wemveliso ngepesenti ezingama-50 eMarl Industrial Park, ecwangciselwe ukuqalisa ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka-2021.
Ezinye izibonelelo zemveliso ze-PA12 eMarl
Imveliso yenayiloni ye-12 iphezulu kakhulu
Umthombo: iwebhusayithi ye-Evonik, i-Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Umthombo: Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ngoncedo lwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, amashishini asekhaya ajongene nobunzima
Amashishini asekhaya ajongane nenayiloni yekhabhoni ende, kwaye ezinye iintlobo zenze impumelelo.Kwiminyaka engama-50 yenkulungwane edluleyo, iChina yaqala ukuzama ukuvelisa inayiloni ekhethekileyo emelwe yinayiloni ende yekhabhoni, kodwa ngenxa yeendlela ezintsonkothileyo zenkqubo, iimeko ezinzima zokuvelisa, amanyathelo amaninzi okudibanisa, iindleko eziphezulu kunye nezinye izinto, de kube yi-90s. , Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yenayiloni yekhabhoni ende yaseTshayina yayisamile.Ngexesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu", iqela lophando lwenayiloni yeDyunivesithi yaseZhengzhou kunye neZiko leMicrobiology yeZiko leeSayensi zaseTshayina ngokudibeneyo bathathe isicwangciso sesizwe esingundoqo sophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, baphanda kwaye baphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuvelisa kwimizi-mveliso yokulungiselela i-PA1212 ngo. i-bio-fermentation ye-dodeca-carbodiacid, kunye nentsebenziswano kunye ne-Shandong Zibo Guangtong Chemical Company ukuphumeza imveliso yezoshishino, ukongeza, i-Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. nayo yenza impumelelo kwi-PA610, i-PA612, i-PA1012 kunye nezinye iindidi.
I-PA12 inzima ngakumbi, kwaye impumelelo inokulindelwa ngoncedo lwemigaqo-nkqubo.Ngo-1977, iJiangsu Huaiyin Research Institute of Chemical Industry kunye neShanghai Institute of Synthetic Materials babambisene ukwenza udibaniso lwenayiloni 12 kunye nebutadiene njengemathiriyeli ekrwada.Emva koko, i-Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (eyayisakuba yiYueyang Petrochemical General Plant) yenza uphando oluncinci lwe-nylon 12 kunye ne-cyclohexanone njengento ekrwada, kodwa ngenxa yendlela yokudibanisa ye-PA12 ukuya kwi-7 amanyathelo kunye nemiqobo ephezulu kakhulu, amashishini asekhaya akakayiphumeleli imveliso yemizi-mveliso, kwaye i-PA12 isaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China iye yazisa ngokuqhubekayo imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino lwenayiloni olukhethekileyo, ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo inkqubo yendawo yokuhlala yezinto ezikhethekileyo zenayiloni, ngoncedo lwemigaqo-nkqubo, amashishini asekhaya aya kuqhubeka ejongene nobunzima, kulindeleke ukuba aphule umzekelo we-monopoly. ye PA12.
Umgaqo-nkqubo ukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamashishini enayiloni akhethekileyo afana nenayiloni yetsheyina lekhabhoni ende
| Ixesha elipapashiweyo | I-arhente yopapasho | igama | umxholo |
| 2016/10/14 | UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi | IsiCwangciso soPhuhliso lwePetrokhemikhali kunye neMichiza (2016-2020) | Ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwenayiloni yekhabhoni ende kunye nenayiloni enokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu |
| 2016/11/25 | I-China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. isebenzisana nemibutho ye-11 yoshishino kunye nemibutho, kuquka i-China Machinery Industry Federation, i-China Iron ne-Steel Industry Association, kunye ne-China Petroleum kunye ne-Chemical Industry Federation. | Isikhokelo soTyalo-mali seNguqu kwezobuGcisa kunye noPhuculo lwamaShishini oShishino (uHlelo luka-2016) | Ingqwalasela kunye nesikhokelo sotyalo-mali kwixesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka yeshumi elineSithathu" yacetywa, kubandakanywa inayiloni ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, inayiloni ende yekhabhoni, njl. |
| 2019/8/30 | I-China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. isebenzisana nemibutho ye-11 yoshishino kunye nemibutho, kuquka i-China Machinery Industry Federation, i-China Iron ne-Steel Industry Association, kunye ne-China Petroleum kunye ne-Chemical Industry Federation. | Isikhokelo soTyalo-mali seNguqu kwezobuChwepheshe kunye noPhuculo lwamaShishini oShishino (uHlelo luka-2019) | Owona msebenzi ungundoqo wophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yaseTshayina kule minyaka ili-10 izayo ubandakanya amashishini efayibha asebenza kakhulu afana nenayiloni ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nenayiloni yekhabhoni ende. |
Umthombo: UMphathiswa woShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, iChina International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., China Machinery Industry Federation, njl., Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2022